Early Lê dynasty

History of Vietnam

Hồng Bàng dynasty prior to 257 BC Thục dynasty 257–207 BC Triệu dynasty 207–111 BC First Chinese domination 111 BC–39 AD Trưng sisters 40–43 Second Chinese domination 43–544 Early Lý dynasty 544–602 Third Chinese domination 602–905 Autonomy 905–938 Ngô dynasty 939–967 Đinh dynasty 968–980 Early Lê dynasty 980–1009 Lý dynasty 1009–1225 Trần dynasty 1225–1400 Hồ dynasty 1400–1407 Fourth Chinese domination 1407–1427 • Later Trần dynasty 1407–1413 Later Lê dynasty (Early Lê) 1428–1527 Mạc dynasty 1527–1592 Later Lê dynasty (Restored Lê) 1533–1788 • Trịnh Lords 1545–1787 • Nguyễn Lords 1558–1777 Tây Sơn dynasty 1778–1802 Nguyễn dynasty 1802–1945 • French imperialism 1887–1954 Partition 1954–1975 • Democratic Republic (North) 1945–1976 • State of Vietnam (South) 1949–1955 • Republic of Vietnam (South) 1955–1975 Socialist Republic from 1976 Related topics Champa Dynasties 192–1832 List of Vietnamese monarchs Economic history of Vietnam Prehistoric cultures of Vietnam

The Early Lê dynasty (Vietnamese: Nhà Tiền Lê, pronounced [ɲâː tjə̂n le]) was a dynasty that ruled Vietnam after the Đinh Dynasty and before the Lý Dynasty. They ruled for a total of three generations and was known for repelling the Song invasion.

Contents 1 Lê Đại Hành Hoàng Đế (980–1005) 2 Lê Long Việt, Lê Trung Tông (1005) 3 Lê Ngọa Triều (1005–1009) 4 The rise of the Later Lý Dynasty (1009) 5 Reference

Lê Đại Hành Hoàng Đế (980–1005)

1. Lê Hoàn (940–1005): When the Song Dynasty (Nhà Tống in Vietnamese) menaced Đại Cồ Việt, with the heir to the throne an infant, the Dowager Empress Dương Vân Nga threw rule of the country to Lê Hoàn (940–1005). Lê Hoàn then proclaimed himself emperor Lê Đại Hành Hoàng Đế in 980. He then went with his general, Phạm Cự Lượng, to meet and battle the coming Song army. One of his victories was at the mouth of the Bạch Đằng River. After the victory, Lê Đại Hành sent out emissaries to negotiate for peace. Thus the annual show of homage, and offerings to the Celestial Emperor of China is resumed. With Lê Đại Hành, the southward expedition to Champa began in 990 and again in 994. Che Dong and Che Cai, the 2 successive Cham kings, negotiated with Lê Đại Hành for peace and agreed to be a Vietnamese vassal state.

2. Lê Đại Hành succession: Emperor Lê Đại Hành committed the same error as his predecessor Đinh Tiên Hoàng in that he repudiated his oldest son Lê Ngân Tích as heir to the throne. In his will, he gave preference to a younger son, Lê Long Việt. Lê Đại Hành died in 1005, at the age of 65 and after 25 years of rule.

Lê Long Việt, Lê Trung Tông (1005)

Lê Long Việt's reign was very brief; he was assassinated by a coalition of his brothers Lê Ngân Tích, Lê Long Kính, and Lê Long Đĩnh who refused to recognize him out of jealousy. Lê Long Việt's emperor-name was Lê Trung or (Trang) Tông. After the assassination, all three brothers vied against one another for one throne. Lê Ngân Tích was captured and beheaded while attempting to flee the country. Lê Long Kính "disappeared" and was never heard from again. The last remaining brother, Lê Long Đĩnh, took control of the realm and proclaimed himself emperor.

Lê Ngọa Triều (1005–1009)

Lê Long Đĩnh's reign and court was famous for its "lying sessions" when presiding, giving reception, etc., earning him the name Lê Ngọa Triều - the one who rules while lying^[1]. Lê Long Đĩnh's rule was characterized by debaucheries, wild orgies and decadence. Historians compare him to the Roman Emperor Nero as he was well known for his cruelties, not the least of which were sadism and torture (of relatives, prisoners, thieves, beggars, traitors, etc.) in which he loved to participate. The only person under his rule who did not fear or run away from him was Lý Công Uẩn (973–1028), a high-ranking mandarin counselor in the court.

The rise of the Later Lý Dynasty (1009)

Never before in Vietnam's history had an emperor's rule been so hated as Lê Long Đĩnh's. The people and peasants at that time were sick and tired of the cruelty which marked his rule. A few counselors and monks were plotting to install a new ruler. When Lê Long Đĩnh died he left an infant son who was to succeed him, but the court, now heavily under the influence of monks and Buddhism, agreed to enthrone Lý Công Uẩn as the new emperor. As the first emperor of the Lý Dynasty, Lý Công Uẩn would take the emperor-name Lý Thái Tổ, inaugurating a new era in Vietnam's history.

Reference

• (Russian) АНТОЛОГИЯ ТРАДИЦИОННОЙ ВЬЕТНАМСКОЙ МЫСЛИ. X начало XIII вв.

Preceded by Đinh Dynasty

Ruler of Vietnam 980–1009

Succeeded by Lý Dynasty

Notable families in early independent Vietnam

Colour note   Khúc   Dương   Ngô   Kiều   Đinh   Lê                                                                                                             Khúc Thừa Dụ                                                                                                                       Khúc Hạo                                                                                                               Dương Đình Nghệ   Khúc Thừa Mỹ                                                                                                                                                                                               Ngô Quyền   Queen Dương       Đinh Công Trứ   Dương Tam Kha   Kiều Công Tiễn                                                                                                                                 Ngô Xương Ngập   Ngô Xương Văn         Đinh Tiên Hoàng   Dương Vân Nga   Lê Đại Hành   Kiều Công Chuẩn                                                                                                                                     Ngô Nhật Khánh   Ngô Xương Xí     Đinh Liễn   Đinh Hạng Lang   Đinh Phế Đế                   Kiều Công Hãn                                                                                         Princess Phất Kim                                 Lê Long Việt   Lê Long Đĩnh     Kiều Thuận                                                                           Family tree of Vietnamese monarchs Overall Early independence Lý Dynasty Trần Dynasty